Ovarian Cysts

What are ovarian cysts?

Your ovaries produce eggs and hormones. Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can form on or inside an ovary. They are extremely common and most women develop them without ever knowing. Most cysts are functional -- forming as a normal part of the menstrual cycle and disappearing within one to three cycles. However, some cysts persist, grow large, or develop characteristics that require treatment.

Types of ovarian cysts

Functional cysts

The most common type. They develop when a follicle fails to release an egg or does not dissolve after releasing one. They usually resolve without treatment.

Dermoid cysts

Can contain tissue such as hair or skin and may grow large enough to cause symptoms.

Endometriomas

Cysts that form as a result of endometriosis, where uterine lining tissue attaches to an ovary.

Polycystic ovaries (PCOS)

In PCOS, the ovaries develop many small cysts and may not function normally.

Symptoms

• A dull ache or sharp pain on one side of the lower abdomen
• Bloating or a heavy feeling in the abdomen
• Pain during intercourse
• Irregular periods
• Sudden, severe pelvic pain -- possible sign of rupture or torsion, seek emergency care immediately

Treatment

Watch and wait

For small, asymptomatic cysts, the team recommends periodic ultrasounds to monitor for changes. Many resolve on their own.

Surgery

Surgery is recommended for cysts that are large, growing, persisting, causing significant pain, or appearing suspicious for cancer. The team performs minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery and whenever possible preserves the ovary.